Mankind faces enormous challenges: health crises, social problems resulting from a world of increasing population, degradation and inequality, and climate change. Understanding these complex problems requires the cooperation of all capabilities that humanity has developed. This includes different knowledge systems, research capabilities, techniques, and forms of organization.

The complexity of these problems, as well as the increasing remoteness of the world’s scientific research systems, make open science more and more necessary. The free flow of knowledge and cooperation are essential to the advancement of science …